Yes! But will take a bit of work to connect the ball connectors, some people have done it successfully.
1. Fill the ends with resin
2. Insert a section of wooden dowel in the ends
Here's a quick test that one buyer did before making their dome with bamboo.
Another buyer tried rawl plugs and glue in thinner bamboo poles.
As with wood we'd recommend a max size of around 32mm though you could go a bit larger and you'd be ok.
With bamboo the weight will be less of an issue but if the sticks are too wide then they will clash during the build or won't be able to sit in the correct angles at the hubs.
Read more on max and min sizes here.
Here's a 5m bamboo dome with an entrance adaptation, thanks to Matt Mapleston.